Overview
DATE OF BIRTH : March 28, 1955
CURRENT POSITION : 1. Director – Cardiac Sciences
Escorts Heart Institute @
Fortis Malar Hospitals
: 2.
Adjunct Professor
Indian Institute of Technology
Madras, India
DESCRIPTION OF THE PRESENT POSITION
This is a tertiary referral center for all patients with
heart disease from all over the country and
neighboring countries as well. The infrastructure
consists of 2 operating rooms with state of the art
equipment and a 14 bedded post operative ICU and a
step down ICU. The cardiological backup is strong with
5 cardiologists,, a cath lab including DSA and 2 color
dopplers. The Department of cardiovascular surgery in
this hospital is now one of the leading cardiovascular
centers in this country dealing with the entire
spectrum of cardiovascular diseases including adults
with coronary and valvular heart disease with special
emphasis on babies with congenital heart repairs. The
unit specializes in complex repairs in neonates and
infants and is one of the very few units in this country
where such kind of surgery is undertaken with world-
class results. We currently perform an average of 6
heart operations a day out of which 4-5 are open
hearts.
QUALIFICATION
MBBS (1976)
:
Jawaharlal Institute of Post graduate Medical Education and Research, Pondicherry.
Master of Surgery (1978-80)
:
All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi
M.Ch (Cardio Thoracic) (1982)
:
Education and Research, Pondicherry. All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi
KEM Hospital, Bombay, University of Bombay
PRIZES
I
M.B.B.S.
|
A. I Prize in surgery(1976)
| : | Awarded by the Jawaharlal Institute of
Post Graduate Medical Education and
Research, Pondicherry, India
|
B. First in the University
Obstretics and Gynaecology
(1976)
| : | Awarded by the University of Madras.
|
C.First in the University
Medicine
| : | Awarded by the
University of Madras.
|
II. MASTERS IN
|
SURGERY (1980)
| : | Hiralal gold medal in surgery awarded by the All
India Institute of Medical Sciences,
New Delhi, India.
|
III. M.Ch(Cardio Thoracic)
|
(Cardio Thoracic)
(1982)
| : | First rank and distinction,cardiothoracic
board finals, University of Bombay.
First distinction ever to be awarded by the
Bombay University in the speciality
|
WORK EXPERIENCE
1.Senior Registrar to Sir Brian Baratt-Boyes,, Cardio Thoracic Unit, Green Lane Hospital,
Auckland, New Zealand
1987-1988
2.Fellow in Cardiac surgery, Oregon Health Sciences , University and
St. Vincent Hospital Portland, OREGON with Dr.Albert
Starr 1989-90
3.Specialist Cardiac Surgeon, Railway Hospital, Perambur, Madras
JUNE
1990 – AUGUST
1994
4.CURRENT POSITION : SEPTEMBER 1994 TILL DATE
OPERATIVE EXPERIENCE :
Independently performed over 16,000 heart operations
CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE
Ours is one of the leading paediatric cardiac surgical centers in the country. Extensive
experience in all varieties of complex congenital heart operations including arterial switches in
infancy, repair of TAPVR, common AV canal etc and in the use of homograft conduits,repair of
hypoplastic left heart syndrome.
VALVULAR HEART DISEASE
Extensive experience in all kinds of valvular procedures including repair and replace ment, rep-
operations, aortic root widening, aortic root displacement and Ross procedure.
ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE
Large experience in Coronary artery bypass grafting including reoperations and extensive
use of arterial grafts
Currently doing over 95% of CABGs off-pump.
Use of artificial hearts as a bridge to transplantation and recovery.
Extensive experience in ventricular remodeling for LV aneurysms.
SATELLITE CENTERS ESTABLISHED :
1.Krishna Heart center,Cuddalore,Tamil Nadu
We have done over 250 Coronary bypass procedures in this rural set up with no mortality and
over 5000 cath lab procedures in this center serving a rural populace.
2. Pondicherry Heart foundation:
Established last year, we are doing around 3-5 heart operations a week and the work is likely to
increase with time as more staff are recruited.
3.Tirupur Heart Institute:
Open heart programme started recently.
4. Ongoing surgical programmes started with our expertise in Nairobi,Kenya and
Dhaka,Bangladesh.
RESEARCH INTERESTS :
1.Causative mechanisms of diffuse coronary artery disease,study using coronary endarterectomy
specimens and electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry
2.Cellular and molecular mechanisms in ventricular hypertrophy,especially in Tetralogy of
Fallot
3.Biomechanical stresses in atherosclerotic plaques and effect of calcification on plaque
vulnerability
4.Finite element modeling of the human heart,including aortic and mitral valve
5.Fetal cardiomyocyte culture using 3D collagen scaffolds ( Dept. of Biotechnology funding)
6. Multi axial testing of cardiac soft tissues and 3D modeling ( Dept. of biotechnology funding )
7. Rapid 3 D prototype of congenital heart disease
8.prototype development of an implantable ,intracardiac pump
9. A prototype for percutaneous mitral valve.
IMPORTANT PUBLICATIONS
1. Balakrishnan KR, Kuruvilla S.
Images in cardiovascular medicine. Role of inflammation in atherosclerosis:
immunohistochemical and electron microscopic images of a coronary endarterectomy
specimen.
Circulation. 2006 Jan 24;113(3):e41-3. No abstract available.
PMID: 16432060 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
2. Balakrishnan KR, Parvathy U.
Modified septosuperior approach for the repair of supracardiac total
anomalous pulmonary venous return in infants.
Ann Thorac Surg. 2005 Sep;80(3):1140-2.
PMID: 16122518 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
3. Kumar RK, Balakrishnan KR.
Influence of lumen shape and vessel geometry on plaque stresses: possible role in the
increased vulnerability of a remodelled vessel and the "shoulder" of a plaque.
Heart. 2005 Nov;91(11):1459-65. Epub 2005 Mar 17.
PMID: 15774611 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
4. Balakrishnan KR, Thanikachalam S, Murthy JS, Saldanha R, Jayarajah M.
Severe coronary artery disease with coarctation of the aorta: role of off-pump
coronary artery bypass grafting.
Ann Thorac Surg. 2005 Jan;79(1):343-5.
PMID: 15620979 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
5. Sripathi VC, Kumar RK, Balakrishnan KR.
Further insights into normal aortic valve function: role of a compliant aortic root on
leaflet opening and valve orifice area.
Ann Thorac Surg. 2004 Mar;77(3):844-51.
6. Gnyaneshwar R, Kumar RK, Balakrishnan KR.
Dynamic analysis of the aortic valve using a finite element model.
Ann Thorac Surg. 2002 Apr;73(4):1122-9.
PMID: 11996252 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
7. Balakrishnan KR, Koppula A.
Ascending aortic aneurysm eroding the chest wall: repair avoiding a median sternotomy.
J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1994 Feb;107(2):640-1. No abstract available.
PMID: 8302097 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
8. Seshadri M, Jagaannath BR, Koppula AS, Desai R, Balakrishnan KR.
A new technique to simplify the Fontan procedure after a previous bidirectional
Glenn shunt.
J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1993 Sep;106(3):569-70. No abstract
available. PMID: 8361208 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
9. Dual poppet heart valve – co-inventor alongwith Dr. Albert Starr of a new model heart
valve prosthesis. U.S. patent
10. Truncus arteriosusTruncus arteriosus in infancy using an autologous pericardial valve inside a PTFE
tube
European Association of Cardio Thoracic Surgeons meeting at Copenhagen, Denmark,
1997.
11 Restrictive VSD in DORV
European Association of Cardio Thoracic Surgeons meeting at Glasgow, Scotland
September 1999.
PAPERS UNDER REVIEW PROCESS:
1 Krishna Kumar R,,Balakrishnan K R:. Effect of calcification on plaque stresses: European
Heart Journal
2.Balakrishnan K R,Kuruvilla S,Aishwarya S et al: Vascular biology of atherosclerosis
In coronary endarterctomy specimens: Circulation.
3. Balakrishnan K R , Kuruvilla S: Diffuse coronary artery disease. Does perilipin have a
causative role ? Heart
4. Krishna Kumar RK, Balakrishna K R : Opening characteristics of a stent mounted tissue
valve,stentless valve and a normal aortic valve : J Thorac vasc surg
5. Krishna Kumar R , Balakrishnan K R: Bicuspid aortic valve: stress distribution and possible
reasons for calcification J Thorac casc surg
6. Balakrishnan K R, Kuruvilla S,Aishwarya et al: Structural basis of long term right
ventricular function in Ventricular hypertrophy: electron microscopy of right ventricular biopsy
in Tetralogy of Fallot.
PUBLICATIONS :
1 : Balakrishnan KR, Kuruvilla S.
Images in cardiovascular medicine. Role of inflammation in atherosclerosis:
immunohistochemical and electron microscopic images of a coronary endarterectomy
specimen.
Circulation. 2006 Jan 24;113(3):e41-3. No abstract available.
PMID: 16432060 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
2:
Balakrishnan KR, Parvathy U.
Modified septosuperior approach for the repair of supracardiac total
anomalous pulmonary venous return in infants.
Ann Thorac Surg. 2005 Sep;80(3):1140-2.
PMID: 16122518 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
3:
Kumar RK, Balakrishnan KR.
Influence of lumen shape and vessel geometry on plaque stresses: possible role in the
increased vulnerability of a remodelled vessel and the "shoulder" of a plaque.
Heart. 2005 Nov;91(11):1459-65. Epub 2005 Mar 17.
PMID: 15774611 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
4:
Parvathy U, Saldanha R, Balakrishnan KR.
Pseudoaneurysm of the popliteal artery. Surgical management of 3 cases.
J Cardiovasc Surg (Torino). 2005 Feb;46(1):43-6.
PMID: 15758876 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
5:
Balakrishnan KR, Thanikachalam S, Murthy JS, Saldanha R, Jayarajah M.
Severe coronary artery disease with coarctation of the aorta: role of off-
pump coronary artery bypass grafting.
Ann Thorac Surg. 2005 Jan;79(1):343-5.
PMID: 15620979 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
6:
Parvathy U, Balakrishnan KR, Ranjith MS, Saldanha R, Vakamudi M.
Surgical closure of atrial septal defect in children under two years of age.
Asian Cardiovasc Thorac Ann. 2004 Dec;12(4):296-9.
PMID: 15585696 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
7:
Sripathi VC, Kumar RK, Balakrishnan KR.
Further insights into normal aortic valve function: role of a compliant aortic root on
leaflet opening and valve orifice area.
Ann Thorac Surg. 2004 Mar;77(3):844-51.
PMID: 14992884 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
8:
Parvathy U, Saldanha R, Balakrishnan KR.
Blunt abdominal trauma resulting in urinothorax from a missed uretero-pelvic junction
avulsion: case report.
J Trauma. 2003 Jan;54(1):187-9. No abstract available.
PMID: 12544917 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
9:
Gnyaneshwar R, Kumar RK, Balakrishnan KR.
Dynamic analysis of the aortic valve using a finite element model.
Ann Thorac Surg. 2002 Apr;73(4):1122-9.
PMID: 11996252 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
10:
Parvathy U, Balakrishnan KR, Ranjith MS, Moorthy JS.
False aneurysm following modified Blalock-Taussig shunt.
Pediatr Cardiol. 2002 Mar-Apr;23(2):178-81. Epub 2002 Feb 19.
PMID: 11889530 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
11:
Thanikachalam S, Sengottuvel G, George S, Kumar MS, Shivakumar RV,
Balakrishnan KR, Murthy JS.
A Case of Ball Valve Thrombus.
Echocardiography. 1999 Feb;16(2):143-145.
PMID: 11175132 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
12:
Parvathy U, Balakrishnan KR, Ranjith MS, Saldanha R, Sai S, Vakamudi M.
Surgical experience with congenital heart disease in Down's syndrome.
Indian Heart J. 2000 Jul-Aug;52(4):438-41.
PMID: 11084787 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
13:
Parvathy U, Balakrishnan KR, Ranjith MS.
Bi-directional Glenn with a modified Damus-Kaye-Stansel procedure--an alternative
technique for transposition of great arteries, intact ventricular septum with left
ventricular outflow tract obstruction.
Indian Heart J. 1998 Sep-Oct;50(5):554-6. No abstract
available. PMID: 10052286 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
14:
Parvathy U, Balakrishnan KR, Ranjit MS, Kuruvilla S, Rao KR.
Primary intracardiac yolk sac tumor.
Pediatr Cardiol. 1998 Nov-Dec;19(6):495-7. PMID:
9770582 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
15:
Balakrishnan KR, Saldanha R, Sai S, Suresh K, Parvathy U.
Warm cardioplegia in cardiac transplantation.
Ann Thorac Surg. 1997 Nov;64(5):1518. No abstract
available. PMID: 9386747 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
16:
Koppula AS, Jagannath BR, Balakrishnan KR, Gupta CM.
Noncardioplegic myocardial protection for CABG deserves a second look.
Ann Thorac Surg. 1997 Mar;63(3):914-5. No abstract
available. PMID: 9066441 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
17:
Koppula AS, Koppalla MM, Abraham KA, Balakrishnan KR.
Isolated bilateral coronary ostial stenosis with complete obstruction of the left main
artery.
Ann Thorac Surg. 1995 Mar;59(3):785-6. No abstract
available. PMID: 7887742 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
18:
Bhutani AK, Dev K, Gupta CH, Abraham KA, Desai RN, Balakrishnan KR.
Aortic root enlargement by Manouguian's technique.
J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1994 Oct;108(4):788. No abstract available.
PMID: 7934119 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
19:
Bhutani AK, Koppala MM, Abraham KA, Balakrishnan KR, Desai RN.
Inadvertent transection of anomalously arising left anterior descending artery during
tetralogy of Fallot repair: bypass grafting with left internal mammary artery.
J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1994 Sep;108(3):589-90. No abstract
available. PMID: 8078355 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
20:
Murthy JS, Balakrishnan KR, Abraham KA.
Aortocameral fistula to right atrium.
Indian Heart J. 1994 Mar-Apr;46(2):113-4. No abstract
available. PMID: 7989073 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
21:
Balakrishnan KR, Koppula A.
Ascending aortic aneurysm eroding the chest wall: repair avoiding a
median sternotomy.
J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1994 Feb;107(2):640-1. No abstract
available. PMID: 8302097 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
22:
Bhutani AK, Dev K, Koppala MM, Maddali MM, Abraham KA, Balakrishnan
KR, Desai RN.
Congenital aortic stenosis and patent ductus arteriosus in the adult.
Ann Thorac Surg. 1993 Oct;56(4):1003. No abstract available.
PMID: 8280285 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
23:
Seshadri M, Jagaannath BR, Koppula AS, Desai R, Balakrishnan KR.
A new technique to simplify the Fontan procedure after a previous bidirectional
Glenn shunt.
J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1993 Sep;106(3):569-70. No abstract
available. PMID: 8361208 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
24:
Ranjit S, Ranjit MS, Balakrishnan KR.
Massive aneurysm of the thoracic aorta in an infant--a forme fruste of infantile
Marfan syndrome.
Indian Heart J. 1993 Jul-Aug;45(4):283-5. No abstract available.
PMID: 8138281 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
25:
Reddy KN, Ranjit S, Jagannath BR, Seshadri M, Balakrishnan KR.
Successful management of Bland--White-Garland syndrome in infancy.
Indian J Pediatr. 1992 Mar-Apr;59(2):275-9. No abstract
available. PMID: 1398858 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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